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Roman Numeral Converter

Convert between standard numbers and Roman numerals instantly. Works both ways — enter a number or type Roman numerals to convert.

Quick Reference

${[["I","1"],["V","5"],["X","10"],["L","50"],["C","100"],["D","500"],["M","1000"]].map(([r,n])=>`${r} = ${n}`).join("")}

Frequently Asked Questions

Standard Roman numerals cover 1 to 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX). There is no standard Roman numeral for zero, and numbers above 3,999 require non-standard extensions (like a bar over M to represent 1,000,000).
2025 in Roman numerals is MMXXV. It breaks down as: MM (2000) + XX (20) + V (5).
The subtractive principle: placing a smaller numeral before a larger one means you subtract it. IV = 5 − 1 = 4, IX = 10 − 1 = 9, XL = 50 − 10 = 40, and so on. This rule applies only when there's a single smaller numeral before a larger one.